Rleey | Understanding Density & Hardness of Solid Carbide Round Bars for Machining Applications

Rleey | Understanding Density & Hardness of Solid Carbide Round Bars for Machining Applications

Summary

Learn density and hardness specifications of solid carbide round bars, how these physical properties affect machining performance and service life of tungsten carbide rods for cutting & wear parts.

Rleey | Understanding Density & Hardness of Solid Carbide Round Bars for Machining Applications

Understanding Density & Hardness of Solid Carbide Round Bars for Machining Applications

Introduction

Density and hardness are two core physical indicators for solid carbide round bars. These parameters reflect sintering quality and material composition, directly affecting grinding behaviour, wear resistance and the final performance of finished cutting tools and wear components. Rleey tests density and hardness batch by batch for all carbide round bar products to guarantee stable material quality.

What Is Carbide Density & How It Is Measured

Cemented carbide density is measured in g/cm³. Density value is mainly controlled by WC grain and cobalt binder ratio. For example, YG8 grade carbide has typical density of ~14.8 g/cm³. Unqualified sintering will create internal pores and reduce density, which leads to reduced strength and premature part failure. Density testing uses the Archimedes water immersion method for each production batch.

Carbide Hardness: HRA Scale for Cemented Carbide

Hardness of tungsten carbide is measured by HRA Rockwell A scale, not HRC. Higher HRA means better abrasive wear resistance. Increasing cobalt binder reduces HRA hardness but improves toughness. Hardness testing is performed on the cross-section of sintered carbide round bars to verify consistent material across the whole rod.

Density & Hardness Reference Table

Grade Density (g/cm³) Typical Hardness (HRA)
YG6 14.9~15.1 91.5 ~92.5
YG8 14.7~14.9 90.0 ~91.0
YG10 14.5~14.7 88.5 ~89.5
YG13 14.2~14.4 87.0 ~88.0

How Density & Hardness Affect Machining

  • Higher hardness carbide rods are harder to grind, require suitable diamond grinding wheels
  • Stable, full density carbide gives predictable grinding removal rate, no unexpected chipping
  • High hardness blanks hold cutting edges longer for finished drills and end mills
  • Consistent density ensures uniform material response during heat and coating processes

Low Density Risks: Porosity & Sintering Defects

Low density caused by insufficient sintering creates microscopic pores inside carbide round bars. Porosity reduces transverse rupture strength. When grinding or cutting, hidden pores can trigger cracks or tool breakage. Every batch of Rleey carbide round bars is inspected to avoid porous material.

FAQ

Q: Why is density used to calculate carbide rod weight for quotation?

A: Density multiplied by volume gives the theoretical weight of carbide cylinder, which is the standard method for calculating raw material cost and pricing per kilogram.

Q: Can same grade carbide have different hardness between batches?

A: Minor fluctuation is normal within specification range. Large deviation indicates unstable sintering quality, which we strictly control at Rleey.

Q: Is higher density always better?

A: Density must match the grade specification. Over-density or under-density both indicate abnormal material structure. We target the standard density range for each carbide grade.